Common Language Runtime

One of the most important components of .Net Framework is the CLR, better known as the runtime. It provides functionalities, such as memory management, exception handling, security, thread execution, code execution, code safety, verification, and compilation. It also supports versioning to any language that the CLR interact with. This implies that CLR can host a variety of languages and provide common tools to these languages; thereby , ensuring interoperability between the codes.
The runtime manages the execution of the code. Therefore, the code that works on the CLR is called the managed code. CLR also supports services that the application uses to access various resources, such as collections, arrays, and operating system folders.The runtime automatically releases the objects when they are no longer in use.
The runtime imposes Code Access Security (CAS), which is the CLR's security system that enforces security policies by preventing unauthorized access to protected resources and operations. CAS also helps in making the code robust, which implies that it makes the code extensible and reusable. It implements a strict type and code verification structure called CTS.